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Spanish language in the Americas refers to the Spanish language spoken in the Americas, as opposed to Peninsular Spanish and Spanish spoken elsewhere, such as in Africa and Asia. Linguistically, this grouping is somewhat arbitrary, akin to having a term for "overseas English" encompassing variants spoken in the United States, Canada, Australia, India, New Zealand and Ireland, but not England. There is great diversity among the various Latin American vernaculars, and it would be hard to point to one trait shared by all of them which is not also in existence in one or more of the variants of Spanish used in Spain. Of the more than 469 million people who speak Spanish as their native language, more than 418 million are in Latin America and the United States.〔( Lipski, J. "The role of the city in the formation of Spanish American dialect zones" )〕 There are numerous regional particularities and idiomatic expressions within Spanish. In Latin American Spanish, loanwords directly from English are relatively more frequent, and often foreign spellings are left intact. One notable trend is the higher abundance of loan words taken from English in Latin America as well as words derived from English. In Latin America they speak of ''la computadora'' while in Spain it's ''el ordenador'', and each word sounds foreign in the region where it is not used. Some differences are due to Iberian Spanish having a stronger French influence than Latin America, where, for geopolitical reasons, the United States influence has been predominant throughout the twentieth century. == Main features == Pronunciation varies from country to country and from region to region, just as English pronunciation varies from one place to another. In general terms, the speech of the Americas shows many common features akin to southern Spanish vairants, especially to western Andalusia (Seville, Cádiz) and the Canary Islands. Coastal language vernaculars throughout Hispanic America show particularly strong similarities to Atlantic-Andalusian speech patterns while inland regions in Mexico and Andean countries are not similar to any particular dialect in Spain. * Most Spaniards pronounce * Most of Spain, particularly the regions that have a distinctive phoneme, realize /s/ with the tip of tongue against the alveolar ridge. Phonetically this is an "apico-alveolar" "grave" sibilant , with a weak "hushing" sound reminiscent of fricatives. To a Hispanic American speaker, the /s/ in Spanish dialects from Northern Spain might sound close to do'', in the situation of /r/ in word-final position, it becomes silent, giving Caribbean Spanish vernaculars a partial non-rhoticity. This happens at a reduced level in Ecuador and Chile as well and is a feature brought from Extremadura and westernmost Andalusia. * In many Andean regions the alveolar trill of ''rata'' and ''carro'' is realized as an alveolar approximant or even as a voiced apico-alveolar /z/. The alveolar approximant realization is particularly associated with an Amerindian substrate and it is quite common in Andean regions, especially in inland Ecuador, Peru, most of Bolivia and in parts of northern Argentina and Paraguay. *In Belize, Puerto Rico, and Colombian islands of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, aside from , , and (), syllable-final can be realized as , an influence of American English to Puerto Rican vernacular Spanish and British English to Belizean dialect and Colombian dialect of Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina (That phonetic characteristic in Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina is not exclusive to Colombians whose ancestors traced back to Spanish period before British invasion, under British territorial rule, and recovery of Spanish control, that is also used by Raizals, whites of British descent, and descendants of mainland Colombians); ''"verso" (verse) becomes , aside from , , or , "''invierno''" (winter) becomes , aside from , , or , and "''escarlata''" (scarlet) becomes , aside from , , or []. In word-final position, will usually be; * * either a trill, a tap, approximant, , or elided when followed by a consonant or a pause, as in ''amo'' ''paterno'' 'paternal love', ''amor'' ), * * a tap, approximant, or when the followed by a vowel-initial word, as in ''amo'' ''eterno'' 'eternal love'). * Word-final /n/ is velar in much Hispanic American Spanish speech; this means a word like ''pan'' (bread) is often articulated ['paŋ]. To an English ear, those speakers that have a velar nasal for -n make ''pan'' sound like ''pang''. Velarization of word-final /n/ is so spread in the Americas that it is easier to mention those regions that maintain an alveolar /n/: most of Mexico, Colombia (except for coastal dialects) and Argentina (except for some northern regions). Elsewhere, velarization is common, though alveolar /n/ can appear among some educated speakers, especially in the media or in singing. Velar /-n/ is also frequent in Spain, especially in southern Spanish dialects (Andalusia and the Canary Islands) and also in the Northwest: Galicia, Asturias and León. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spanish language in the Americas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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